Pathomorphological changes in the intestine in the development of acute intestinal obstruction depend on the form of the lesion. So, in patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction, the main affected area is considered to be the strangulation area, that is, the place where the main vessels and nerves of the mesentery are compressed. Along with this, compression occurs in the intestine itself, leading to trophic disorders in this area. In contrast to the above, with obturation intestinal obstruction, the main pathological manifestations occur in the adductor part of the intestine. With the development of dynamic intestinal obstruction, the intestine does not have a specific lesion area, and all pathological processes diffuse. This review article is devoted to analysing literature on the mechanisms of development and manifestation of acute intestinal failure and the features of their manifestation in elderly and senile patients age.

Acute intestinal obstruction, gerontology, pathogenesis

Madyarov V., Kuzikeev M., Malgazhdarov M. Causes of adverse outcomes in acute intestinal obstruction. // J. Complement Integr. Med. 2023 Oct 16;20(4):788–796.

Mullen K.M., Regier P.J., Ellison G.W. The Pathophysiology of Small Intestinal Foreign Body Obstruction and Intraoperative Assessment of Tissue Viability in Dogs: A Review. // Top Companion Anim Med. 2020 Aug;40:100438.

Rienzo-Madero B., Kajomovitz-Bialostozky D., Martinez-Munive Á. Eosinophilic enteritis presenting as intestinal obstruction: case report and literature review. Cir Cir. 2023;91(5):709-712. English.

Funazaki S., Yamada H., Hara K. Pseudo Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Malignant Paraganglioma. Intern Med. 2021 Nov 1;60(21):3507-3508.

Kobayashi T., Chiba N., Koganezawa I. Prediction model for irreversible intestinal ischemia in strangulated bowel obstruction. // BMC Surg. 2022 Aug 22;22(1):321.

Emery N.C., Páez Pastor H., Canalis B. Obstrucción intestinal por fitobezoar (diente de ajo) [Intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoar (garlic clove)]. Medicina (B Aires). 2023;83(1):177. Spanish.

Sun C., Song Z., Dong C. The diagnosis and management of intestinal obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2022 Feb;26(1):e14123.

Tan J.Kh., Tan A., Wang S.Intestinal obstruction in a virgin abdomen: a surgical trompe l'œil. // ANZ J. Surg. 2021 Mar;91(3):E161-E162.

Morales-Ortiz J.A., Cota-Novoa M.M., Mora G.F. Intestinal obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus: a case report. // Cir. Cir. 2021;89(S2):31–33. English.

Clark D.A., Munshi U.K. Development of the gastrointestinal circulation in the fetus and newborn. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, editors. // Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. 3. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2019. pp. 701–5.

Moore K.L., Persaud T.V.N. The developing human: Clinically oriented embryology. 7. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2023.

Sadler T.W. Langman’s medical embryology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.

Poole T.J., Finkelstein E.B., Cox C.M. The role of FGF and VEGF in angioblast induction and migration during vascular development. // Dev Dyn. 2021;220:1–17.

Battegay E.J. Angiogenesis. Mechanistic insights, neovascular diseases, and therapeutic prospects. // J. Mol. Med. 2015;73:333–46.

Bohlen H.G. Determinants of resting and passive intestinal vascular pressures in rat and rabbit. // Am J. Physiol. 2017;253:G587–95.

Nowicki P.T. Ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis: where, when, and how. // Semin Pediatr Surg. 2015;14:152–8.

Nowicki P. Intestinal ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. // J Paediatr. 2020;117:S14–99.

Reber K.M., Nankervis C.A., Nowicki P.T. Newborn intestinal circulation. Physiology and pathophysiology // Clin Perinatol. 2022;29:23–39.

Nankervis C.A., Nowicki P.T. Role of nitric oxide in regulating vascular resistance in the postnatal intestine. // Am. J. Physiol. 2015;268:G949–58.

Lloyd J.R. The aetiology of gastrointestinal perforations in the newborn. // J. Pediatr. Surg. 2019;4:77–84.

Elsner R., Kenney D.W., Burgess K. Diving bradycardia in the trained dolphin. // Nature. 2016;212:407–8.

Alward C., Hook J., Helmrath T. Effects of asphyxia on cardiac output and organ blood flow in the newborn piglet. // Pediatr Res. 2018;12:824–7.

Stoll B.J., Kanto W.P., Glass R.I. Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis: a case-control study. // J. Pediatr Surg. 2020;96:447–51.

Buckley N.M., Jarenwattanon M., Gootman P.. Autoregulatory escape from vasoconstriction of intestinal circulation in developing swine. // Am J Physiol. 2017;252:H118–24.

Fang S., Kempley S.T., Gamsu H.R. Prediction of early tolerance to enteral feeding in preterm infants by measurement of superior mesenteric artery blood flow velocity. // Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal. Neonatal. Ed. 2021;85:F42–5.

Murdoch E.M., Sinha A.K., Shanmugalingam S.T. Doppler flow velocity in the superior mesenteric artery on the first day of life in preterm infants and the risk of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. // Pediatrics. 2016;118:1999–2003.