International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health Research

Challenges in Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skeletal Open Bite Anomalies in Children

Aminboeva Sevinchoy Kurbonboy kizi — 2026-06-17

This article is dedicated to a literature review on the problems of improving the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal open bite anomalies in children. According to various authors, the frequency of this condition is approximately 13.5%. The prevalence of vertical incisor disocclusion is 11.3–16.9% in European countries and 12.1% in Latin America. The prevalence of open bite in patients seeking orthodontic care was 2.66%. The frequency of occurrence in patients with neutral, distal, and mesial dental arch relationships was 1.8%, 2.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. In children with Class III vertical disocclusion of the dental arches, speech function is impaired, which manifests as the incorrect pronunciation of affricate (c, ch), sibilant (sh, zh), and whistling (s, s', z, z') sounds. The formation of an open bite is associated with many etiological factors: impaired respiratory, swallowing, and speech functions, endocrinopathies, macroglossia, postural disorders, genetic predisposition, the presence of harmful habits, and neurological pathology. Childhood is the most favorable period for the prevention and treatment of an open bite. At this age, the child's jaws are still growing and developing.

Comparison Between Male and Female Students Based on Their Brain Measures That Do Bigger Brain Work Better in Education?

Amanboyeva Sabrina Kamoliddin kizi — 2026-06-10

The work of brain function has not been explored fully yet and many scientists are keen on discovering new concepts about it. One of the most interesting questions is whether the gender's size of the brain can influence their studies. The brain spheres (the left half and the right half structures) excel at doing various tasks. For example, boys are more interested in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) subjects while girls are good at the subjects which demand much more creativity, such as art, psychology, literature. Everyone is familiar with this information. Mainly, the key purpose of the author is to research the more unknown and hidden side of brain size between boys and girls in the educational field. Subtle differences in male and female behavior and in cognitive functions, too. Men tend to be more aggressive and outperform, women on mental tasks involving spatial skills such as mental rotation, whereas women tend to be more empathetic and perform better on verbal memory and language tasks. Moreover, the author used mixed methods, especially the qualitative research method and also the quantitative method, by using semi-structured interviews. The researcher interviewed both male and female at higher education from sophomore students based on their brain function. By asking the following research questions: Why do men and women think and act differently in the educationаl field? How do they behave differently in stressed situations in the learning process? Why do men and women excеl at different types of tasks? (STEM & Literature) The result of this research showed that male and female students have no major difference in their brain structures. Boys’ brains often process information more effectively within hemisphеres (spatial tasks on the right), while girls’ brains may coordinаte tasks across hemispheres more effectively (intuitivе thinking, language). Ultimately, the work of brain hemispheres mainly depends on people. If they want to improve their preferred brain hemisphеre, they need some practice and reliable training sеssions. Everyone is unique, and they have their own talent and ability. They have their own horizons and different outlooks. By the way, why we say males and females have the same brain? The reason is that autism is the type of character which cannot deal with others, for example, an etroverted person.

Disruption of The Intestinal Microbiota in Parasitic Diseases in Children

Atakhodjaeva Khurshida Abdullakhatovna — 2026-06-11

This study investigated the prevalence of parasitic infections, clinical manifestations, and the state of intestinal microbiota in children under 5 years of age. The main complaints included abdominal pain, decreased appetite, sleep disturbances, perianal itching, allergic skin manifestations, and gastrointestinal and neurobehavioral symptoms. Coproscopic analysis revealed parasitic infections in 73.0% of the examined children. The most common forms were mono-enterobiasis (32.0%) and mixed infection of enterobiasis with giardiasis (23.0%).

Microbiota analysis demonstrated dysbiotic changes associated with parasitic invasions. A decrease in beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and an increase in opportunistic microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.) were observed. These alterations were most pronounced in mixed infections.

The findings confirm that parasitic infections negatively affect intestinal microbiocenosis, leading to dysbiosis, which plays an important role in disease severity and clinical course. Therefore, a comprehensive treatment approach, including both antiparasitic therapy and microbiota correction, is essential.

A Multicenter Survey Study on Antibiotic Stewardship Awareness and Prescribing Behavior Among Intern Doctors in Turkey: A Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP) Gap Analysis Model

Rafiullah Ahmadzai — 2026-06-01

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most critical global health threats, driven largely by inappropriate prescribing practices and insufficient antimicrobial stewardship awareness among healthcare professionals. Intern doctors, as frontline prescribers in training, play a pivotal role in shaping rational antibiotic use behaviors. This multicenter survey study investigates the Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP) profile of intern doctors in Turkey regarding antibiotic stewardship and prescribing behavior, with an emphasis on identifying structural gaps between awareness and clinical practice.
A cross-sectional, multicenter KAP framework was conceptualized based on validated constructs from prior studies examining physician and trainee knowledge and prescribing behavior (Ahmed et al., 2020; Atif et al., 2021; Zaidi et al., 2020). The study integrates comparative global evidence highlighting persistent gaps in antibiotic rationality despite moderate-to-high knowledge levels (Sobierajski et al., 2021; Nabidda et al., 2023). The findings are interpreted through the lens of antimicrobial resistance burden studies and stewardship program effectiveness literature (Huemer et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2023).
Results indicate a recurring disconnect between theoretical knowledge and clinical decision-making, consistent with prior observations in medical student and intern populations across multiple regions (Baddal et al., 2022; Yuste et al., 2022). Attitudinal factors, clinical pressure, and institutional prescribing norms were identified as major determinants of antibiotic overuse, aligning with findings from hospital-based Turkish and international studies (Sencan et al., 2022; Ayhan et al., 2024).
The study highlights the urgent need for structured antibiotic stewardship integration in intern training curricula and institutional prescribing governance systems. Strengthening KAP alignment is essential to mitigate inappropriate antibiotic use and reduce AMR progression.